Valuation Models Calculator
CAPM, WACC, Beta, Gordon Growth Model, and Free Cash Flow to Equity
Calculate expected return using the Capital Asset Pricing Model
Input Parameters
Treasury rate (e.g., 10-year T-note)
Historical S&P 500 average ~10%
1.0 = market risk, >1.0 = more volatile
Results
Enter parameters and click Calculate
Results will appear here
Valuation Model Concepts
CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model)
Formula: Expected Return = Rf + β(Rm - Rf). CAPM calculates the expected return on an investment based on its systematic risk (beta). Used to determine required returns for equity valuation and capital budgeting decisions.
WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital)
The average cost of all capital sources weighted by their proportion in the capital structure. WACC is the discount rate for DCF valuation and the hurdle rate for investment decisions. Lower WACC means lower cost of capital.
Beta (β)
Measures systematic risk - volatility relative to the market. Beta = 1 means moves with market. Beta > 1 means more volatile (higher risk). Beta < 1 means less volatile (lower risk). Calculated using regression of stock returns vs market returns.
Gordon Growth Model
Formula: P = D₁ / (r - g). Values stocks based on dividends growing at a constant rate forever. Best for mature companies with stable dividend policies. Growth rate must be less than required return for the model to work.
FCFE (Free Cash Flow to Equity)
Formula: NI + D&A - CapEx - ΔWC + Net Borrowing. The cash available to equity holders after all expenses and reinvestment. Used in DCF valuation by discounting at cost of equity. More reliable than earnings for valuation.